好,言歸正傳,回到這篇新研究結果。尿酸的毒性不強,但是並不在人體內氮代謝的主通路上,而且如果濃度過高,就會有發生Gout(痛風)的危險,那麼為什麼猿類會演化出讓尿酸濃度增高的突變呢?最近幾年,研究肥胖症的專家注意到尿酸在人體內主要是Fructose(果糖,三大單醣之一,其他兩類是葡萄糖Glucose和半乳糖Galactose)代謝通路的最終產物,而果糖原本因為甜度是等量葡萄糖的兩倍半、半乳糖的五倍半,熱量卻基本一致,被認為是減肥的可用工具。沒想到實驗對象多吃果糖後,雖然總熱量減少了,肥胖和糖尿病反而越發嚴重,因此果糖很顯然是一個特殊增肥機制的觸發因素。但是果糖這樣的單醣代謝起來很快,在體內不可能維持長久的高濃度,而增肥機制需要一種長期平穩的刺激,所以包括Johnson在內的一個流派就懷疑果糖的增肥效應是透過尿酸來觸發的。如果真是如此,人猿演化出失效的Uricase,其目的就很可能是為了進一步增肥。於是Johnson就找上了猿類演化過程的專家,倫敦大學(University College London)的教授Peter Andrews來合作。
i don't remember the sources; but i have read many articles in past decade mentioning the artificial sweetener being bad to human health...I will go for raw sugar...not too much though. i hope your steak portion is not huge...with such frequency, it.s best you go for organic beef then...yes the marbling on fatty steak makes it tastier. that;s why i'm still a wanna be vegetarian...
Yes, the two experts already mentioned that research paper. I am still waiting for follow-up confirmation.
frances
2015-09-30 00:00
last time I was in TWN (almost 10 years ago); i had one large cup (700 cc?) bubble tea every day and i put on 6 kilos after my 6 weeks stay...it later took me almost 3 years to lose it..(without making special effort so it took long time) pretty scary how sugar can do to your(or my) waistline... I found those (like sweet drink/snacks) with obvious sweet flavor we consumers can try to avoid or reduce the intake; it's those (& too many of them) which don't' even taste sweet (so you don't expect to find sugar in them) with hidden sugar content which hurt people's health without taking any blame...if you read carefully the list of ingredients for all processed foods/drinks when you go shopping, it will take you three times longer and then you might come out with nothing...So I gave up!
There is not much cultural awareness against high-sugar diet in Taiwan, so merchants don't feel the pressure to offer anything healthier. Calorie-free sweeteners may not be the best, but if people have to have sweet drinks, I would rather give them sugar substitutes.
frances
2015-09-30 00:00
sugar is viewed as the new evil nowadays. although to be fair maybe i oversimplified why i had such weight gain when i visited Twn. I did overeat just about everyday...as most visitors do. Better control next time!
Not all sugar. In reality, only fructose should be energetically avoided, as stated in this article.
Did the researchers ever “knock out” the genes that are responsible for Uricase production in mice (or introducing the mutations that cause these genes to be defective in great apes) to assess whether increased uric acid is indeed capable of promoting obesity?
Actually they did, but majority of the mice died within 4 weeks due to hyperuricaemic nephropathy. Apparently, the ancestors of primates already gain significant tolerance towards uric acid prior to the total deactivation of uricase.
In primates, the absence of uricase raised the uric acid level from 1 mg/dL in monkeys to 6 mg/dL in apes. Human is the only species known to suffer from gout spontaneously.
Presumably, the experiment you have in mind can be conducted on monkeys instead, but it will require much more resources. I am not aware of any result from this, but then again, I am not really a professional in this particular field.
最近注意到发表在《Nature Metabolism》最新的有一篇关于甜味剂RCT研究《Effect of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on weight management and gut microbiota composition in individuals with overweight or obesity: the SWEET study》https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-025-01381-z,其研究内容是甜味剂对减肥(不出意外效果和持久性都更好)、肠道菌群和心血管代谢的影响。我觉得本研究的目的主要就是验证那篇14年发表在Nature上的著名文章(声称甜味剂会破坏肠道菌群,即本文留言栏多次被提及的),以及近年来甜味剂可能增加心血管代谢负担的指责。和本文讨论相关,故特此留言。